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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication The use of medications can be a beneficial tool for managing anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are trained in the use and prescription of medication. They can prescribe the correct medication to reduce the risk of side effects. The typical treatment for anxiety disorders is three-pronged and consists of psychotherapy, exercise and medication. SSRIs are the most popular choice of medications for treating anxiety can take several weeks to take effect. SSRIs SSRIs are the drug of choice for most anxiety disorders. The more recent SSRIs are less likely to trigger adverse effects than tricyclics older than tricyclics as well as monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. A variety of SSRIs have been approved by FDA to treat generalized anxiety disorder . This includes fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as well as citalopram, (aka Celexa). These medications boost serotonin levels in the brain. They may also help to increase norepinephrine as well as BDNF. They can be used by themselves or in conjunction with psychotherapy. SSRIs may cause nausea and digestive issues, but these effects tend to diminish as the body becomes accustomed to the medication. The precise mechanism behind how SSRIs help with anxiety is not understood fully. It is believed that SSRIs block the reuptake serotonin by the post-synaptic neurons, and increase the amount of serotonin that is present in the synaptic gaps. This enhances the signaling across the synapses, which reduces anxiety symptoms. In addition to decreasing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and intensity of panic attacks. They can also be used to treat depression as well as other mental conditions that are often associated with anxiety disorders. They can be used with psychotherapy or cognitive behavior therapy to increase their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive unlike other antidepressants. It is still important to follow the prescription of your doctor. If you discontinue your medication suddenly, this can cause “discontinuation syndrome” and a recurrence of anxiety symptoms. If SSRIs are not suitable for you, your doctor could consider a different type of antidepressant, such as mirtazapine or nefazodone. These drugs are also effective, but carry a higher risk of adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as red meat, eggs dairy, some fruits and vegetables. It is best to avoid these foods if you're taking these medications. It is also recommended to stay clear of alcohol when taking SSRIs, as this can increase some side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines boost the calming effect of certain chemicals found in the nervous system and brain. They function by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter named Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA), which suppresses the activity of nerves. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and various mental disorders. They can be addictive, and should only be used for brief periods under medical supervision. They can be harmful when used recreationally, or when combined with alcohol and other substances. When someone is suffering from anxiety disorders, they usually turn to medication as their first choice. However this isn't the only option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has been proven to reduce the symptoms of anxiety disorder. There are a variety of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This kind of psychotherapy teaches you how to modify your thoughts and behaviors to make you less stressed as much. The most common benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), clorazepate (Tranxene) and the lorazepam (Ativan) and quazepam (Dalmane). Each one has its own set of adverse effects, however, they all share similar pharmacological properties. Clorazepate, for example, is more effective in treating seizure disorders compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam on the other hand, is better in treating anxiety disorders as compared to the quazepam. While benzodiazepines are efficient, they are not advised for long-term use due to the fact that they can lead to physical dependence and tolerance. They can also trigger withdrawal symptoms, like a pounding of the heart as well as sweating and shaking if you abruptly stop taking them. The symptoms can be extremely unpleasant and can last for several weeks, but they can be minimized by slowly tapering off the medication. Benzodiazepines are highly addictive and should be used only for a short period of time. Most often, it is not more than four weeks. During this period, you'll be required to monitor your blood pressure and heart rate to ensure you don't suffer a severe withdrawal reaction. If you're thinking about getting a prescription for benzodiazepine, consult your physician about your past history of substance abuse. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a kind of medication that is used to alleviate anxiety symptoms. These drugs block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, which stops the hormone from triggering physical reactions like heart palpitations and tremors. These drugs are commonly used to treat high blood pressure and other conditions of the cardiovascular system, but they can also be prescribed for non-pharmacological use for anxiety-related disorders. When you feel anxious your body releases a chemical called Adrenaline. This chemical signals the body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline is a beta receptor that is found in the heart and brain which causes your heart to beat more quickly and triggering other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are class medications used to treat hypertension, and other heart conditions. They block adrenaline's binding. This can help lower the heart rate and blood pressure. Contrary to SSRIs and benzodiazepines, which take weeks or months to produce a noticeable improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers can be acted upon quickly. This makes them an excellent choice for those who require immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms, such as those who must give a speech in public or fly on an airplane. In addition, they are ideal for those who have both anxiety and a chronic heart condition such as congestive heart failure or atherosclerosis. Beta-blockers can help reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they do not address the root causes. As a result, they are usually prescribed as a part of a larger treatment plan that incorporates counseling and lifestyle modifications. However, they can be an effective option for those who have tried other medications for anxiety and have not found them to be effective or to cause uncontrollable side effects. There are many different kinds of beta-blockers, including propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine which beta-blocker is best for you according to your medical background and current health condition. These medications may cause negative side effects like fatigue or low blood pressure. It is essential to discuss your options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), created in the 1950s as an antidepressant, work for certain depression and anxiety disorders. However, they're not commonly used as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due to the need for strict diet restrictions and the potential for drug interactions. Some MAOIs are taken orally in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch applied to the skin every day. MAOIs block the action of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood, and appetite as well as sexual function. MAOIs are anti-anxiety. However, they are more likely to cause side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and come with warnings on suicide in a box. Your doctor may prescribe other medications or treatments to treat your symptoms in addition the MAOIs listed below. A beta-blocker, like propranolol is frequently prescribed to alleviate the physical symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Your doctor might also suggest a relaxation method or other at-home treatments to ease your symptoms. The original MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during tuberculosis research in 1952. It was soon found to have mood-elevating properties and is regarded as the first antidepressant medication. MAOIs should only be used after other antidepressants are not working, since they can cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and consume foods that contain tyramine, a substance in many cheeses, red meats, shellfish, fish, and some dietary supplements, it could trigger a dangerous reaction that results in high blood pressure. This severe reaction could cause headache pain that is throbbing nausea, vomiting, and a rapid heartbeat. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and can cause serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Your doctor will discuss your diet requirements with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. The doctor will advise you against eating foods that contain tyramine when you are taking the medication. They will also provide a list of food that is safe to eat when taking MAOIs. This food guide can help avoid MAOI-related symptoms.